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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method for measuring the moisture content, length and at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers, comprising the steps of: pressing a layer of textile fibers between a pair of plates parallel to each other, taking a row of textile fibers from the layer so pressed and making the textile fibers of this row substantially co-planar and parallel, bringing the row of textile fibers into a measurement zone at which to perform at least one measurement step choosing between measuring the length and at least one dynamometric characteristic of the textile fibers forming the row, removing the textile fibers of the row of textile fibers from the measurement area after performing the at least one measuring step and measuring the moisture content of the fibers textiles forming the layer and / or forming the row of textile fibers, through micro sensors waves for the measurement of humidity, in which said step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming said layer is carried out during or after the step a) of pressing of said layer and before phase b) of withdrawal from it of the row of textile fibers and in which the step of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming the row of textile fibers is carried out after the step b) of removing the row of textile fibers from the layer and in a phase preceding or contemporaneously with the step e) removing the textile fibers of the row of textile fibers from the measuring area.
    公开号:CH711759A2
    申请号:CH01451/16
    申请日:2016-10-28
    公开日:2017-05-15
    发明作者:Preosti Gianpietro；Musesti Marco
    申请人:Mesdan Spa；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description [0001] The present invention relates to a method and a measurement device for measuring the moisture content (i.e. the water content), the length and / or at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular fibers of cotton.
    [0002] Numerous parameters are involved in determining the quality of cotton fibers and, therefore, in their classification according to classifications that are recognized by national or international bodies and which determine for example the commercial value, workability or yield.
    [0003] In general, the quality of cotton fibers is determined by the color, the content of imperfections, such as knots or tangles of fibers ("neps"), and impurities, such as insect or plant residues (fragments of seeds), the degree of "stickiness" ("cotton stickiness"), the fineness / maturity of the fibers, the moisture content ("moisture"), the length and the dynamometric characteristics (the elongation or elongation in traction before breakage and tensile strength, ie the maximum load applicable to traction before breaking.
    [0004] Some of these characteristics are also closely related to each other. In particular, it is known that the length and the dynamometric characteristics of the cotton fibers vary, even in a sensitive way, to the variation of their moisture content (i.e. the water content); it has been found, for example, that variations of a percentage point in the moisture content involve variations of a few percentage points in the length and in the dynamometric characteristics.
    [0005] It is known to measure the length and the dynamometric characteristics of cotton fibers only after conditioning ("air-conditioned") the sample from which they are taken under the conditions provided for by the standards, so that they are supposed to reach a defined moisture content .
    [0006] For example, some standards (such as for example ASTM D-5867-12) plan to keep cotton fiber samples for at least 24 h and up to 48 h in a room with a temperature of 21 ° C and a degree of humidity of 65%, the latter conditioning which assumes that the fiber sample reaches a uniform moisture content of about 7% -8% by weight.
    [0007] Furthermore, not only is the moisture content of cotton fibers closely correlated with the conditions of the environment in which they are found, but it varies as rapidly as their mass is smaller; for example, a mass of cotton of about 70 mg, like that which is generally used in the form of tuft or beard for length and / or dynamometric measurements, has reaction times to environmental variations and re-conditioning of less than 15 seconds.
    [0008] However, it is not always possible to condition the cotton fiber samples; consider, for example, gymnastic facilities where there is hardly the possibility and interest in arranging air-conditioning chambers, although it is necessary to determine the quality of cotton fibers also in this phase of production.
    [0009] Furthermore, even if it is possible to condition the cotton fiber samples to the conditions imposed by the standards, the moisture content assumed to have been reached may not be real.
    [0010] There are therefore devices for measuring the moisture content of cotton fibers, given the latter which is then correlated to the measurements of their length and dynamometric characteristics.
    [0011] The most commonly known devices for measuring the moisture content of cotton fibers are of the resistive type and are based on the measurement of the electrical conductivity of a sample of cotton fibers, a conductivity which, as is known, varies with the contents of water of cotton fibers.
    [0012] These known devices, however, are inaccurate and may have a non-negligible margin of error which is reflected in an incorrect characterization of the fibers.
    [0013] Furthermore, the cotton fibers subjected to the measurement of the moisture content and those subjected to the measurement of the dynamometric length or characteristics, even if taken from the same sample, may have a different moisture content; therefore, the results of the measurements performed on them may not be correctable.
    [0014] Devices are also known which integrate the measurement of the moisture content, length and dynamometric characteristics of the cotton fibers, which devices are supplied as stand-alone devices or as modules integrated in more complex equipment provided with a plurality of measuring modules, each of which is suitable for measuring different characteristics of cotton fibers.
    [0015] These known devices are fed with a sample of cotton fibers which is compacted by pressing between two plates, the so compacted sample is subjected to a measurement of the moisture content with resistive devices based on the measurement of its electrical conductivity.
    [0016] After measuring the moisture content, a metallic comb takes a set of textile fibers from the compacted sample, which are subsequently carded and brushed so as to be parallelized to form a row of textile fibers which are substantially coplanar and parallel to each other , in the jargon of the sector, it is called «beard» («beard»). The metal comb is movable towards a measurement zone at which measurement means (for example of the optical or capacitive type) are located to measure the length of the fibers forming the "beard" and dynamometer means for measuring the elongation and tensile strength of the fibers forming the "beard".
    [0017] However, these known devices also have some disadvantages.
    [0018] On the one hand, as already highlighted above, the resistive devices for measuring the moisture content are inaccurate and provide measurements affected by non-negligible errors.
    [0019] On the other hand, it is evident that the moisture content of the "beard" of textile fibers taken from the compacted sample and subsequently subjected to measurements of length and dynamometric characteristics can also be significantly different from the moisture content measured on the compacted sample from which this same "beard" was taken. The temperature inside these devices, the manipulation of the fibers of the sample and the "beard" taken from it, the time that elapses between the measurement of the moisture content of the compacted sample and that of the length and dynamometric characteristics of the fibers of the "beard" taken from it are, in fact, factors that can significantly change the moisture content of the fibers.
    [0020] Therefore, also in this case, the values of the length and dynamometric characteristics measured on the fibers of the "beard" taken from a sample may not be correctable with the moisture content previously measured on the latter.
    [0021] The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
    [0022] Within the scope of this general purpose, a particular object of the present invention is to provide a method and a measuring device for measuring the moisture content (i.e. the water content), the length and / or at least a dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers, which allow to obtain values of the moisture content, length and / or precise dynamometric characteristics which can be corrected.
    [0023] Another object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device for measuring the moisture content (i.e. the water content), the length and / or at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular fibers of functional cotton which can be used as a stand-alone apparatus or integrated as a module in a modular apparatus for measuring a plurality of characteristics of textile fibers.
    [0024] According to the present invention, these and other objects are achieved by a method for measuring the moisture content (i.e., the water content), the length and / or at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular , cotton fibers, comprising the steps of: a) pressing a layer of textile fibers between a pair of parallel plates; b) picking up from said so pressed layer a row of textile fibers, known in the jargon of the sector as "beard" ("beard"), and making the textile fibers of said row mutually substantially coplanar and parallel; c) bringing the row of textile fibers into a measurement zone at which to perform at least one measurement step selected from d1) measuring the length of the textile fibers of the textile fiber row, and d2) measuring at least one chosen dynamometric characteristic from the group comprising the tensile strength and the tensile elongation of the textile fibers of the textile fiber row; e) removing the textile fibers of the row of textile fibers from the measurement area after performing the at least one measurement step d1) and d2); andf) measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming said layer and / or forming said row of textile fibers by means of microwave sensors for measuring humidity, in which: - if step f) measures the moisture content of the textile fibers is carried out on the textile fibers forming said layer, it is carried out during or after the step a) of pressing of said layer and before the step b) of taking from it of said row of textile fibers, - if step f) to measure the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers, it is carried out after the step b) of picking up said row of textile fibers from said layer and at an earlier or contemporary stage to said step e) removing the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers from said measuring area.
    [0025] In any case, the step f) of measuring the moisture content (i.e. the water content) of the textile fibers is performed by means of microwave sensors for measuring humidity and, as is known, comprises the steps of: f1) generating a microwave field in a microwave resonator so as to produce a substantially homogeneous microwave field in a measurement volume, f2) placing the fibers of said layer or of said row of textile fibers in proximity to or inside of said measurement volume, f3) detecting variations in the frequency and / or width of the resonance curve of said microwave field generated by the proximity or presence of said fibers of said layer or of said row of textile fibers in said volume of measurement, and f4) processing, with known functions or algorithms, the variations thus detected to generate a value of the moisture content of the textile fibers of said layer or of said row of textile fibers.
    [0026] Microwave sensors for humidity measurement are in themselves of a known type such as those of the company TEWS ELEKTRONIK GmbH & Co. KG. As well known are the functions or algorithms that allow to process the variations in the frequency and / or width of the resonance curve of the microwave field generated by the proximity or presence of textile fibers and with them detected in order to generate a value of moisture content of these textile fibers, as described for example in US5,397,993 of the TEWS ELEKTRONIK, the content of which is fully reproduced here. In particular, the values of the moisture content thus determined are independent of the density of the sample (tuft) of textile fibers.
    [0027] The textile fibers are, in particular, cotton fibers.
    [0028] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring step comprises, one after the other, the step d1) for measuring the length of the textile fibers of the textile fiber row and the step d2) for measuring at least one dynamometric characteristic selected from the group comprising the tensile strength and the tensile elongation of the textile fibers of the textile fiber row.
    [0029] In a possible embodiment, the step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the fibers forming said layer during or after the step a) of pressing the layer of textile fibers and before the step b) of withdrawal from it of a row of textile fibers (beard or «beard»).
    [0030] In a further possible embodiment, the step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers (beard or "beard") after the step b) of forming the row of textile fibers and before the at least one measuring step for measuring d1) of their length or for measuring d2) of at least one of their dynamometric characteristics.
    [0031] Advantageously, step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers (beard or "beard") after the step b) of forming the row of textile fibers and during step c) in which the row of textile fibers thus formed is brought into the measuring area and, even more advantageously, to the entrance of said row of textile fibers in said measuring area.
    [0032] In a further possible and advantageous embodiment, the step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers (beard or "beard") at the measurement zone before or after the at least one measuring step for measuring d1) of their length or for measuring d2) of at least one of their dynamometric characteristics. In the case in which the textile fibers forming the row of textile fibers are subjected in succession to the measurement step d1) of their length and to the measuring step d2) of at least one of their dynamometric characteristics, the step f) of measuring their content of humidity can occur before or after each of these two measurement steps d1) and d2).
    [0033] In a further possible embodiment, the step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers after the at least one or both of the measurement steps d1) and d2 ) and before or during phase e) of moving them away from the measurement area. In particular, in the case where a step of measuring the dynamometric characteristics is provided, the step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is carried out immediately after this step of measuring the dynamometric characteristics and during their removal from the measurement area . Preferably, the removal occurs by aspiration of the textile fibers forming the row of textile fibers from the measurement area, in which case the measurement volume is defined by a portion of the suction volume.
    [0034] The step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming the layer and / or the row or "beard" can be performed both on the fibers forming the layer, during or after the step a) of pressing it, both on the fibers forming the row or "beard" after the step b) of forming it in one or more of the moments as described above.
    [0035] The step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming the layer and / or the row or "beard" is advantageously performed with the use of microwave sensors for measuring the moisture content of the type, for example, those of the company TEWS ELEKTRONIK GmbH & Co. KG.
    [0036] In general terms, such microwave sensors for measuring the moisture content comprise a body which defines a resonant cavity for microwaves, a microwave generator which is associated with such a body to generate a microwave field in such a resonant cavity and a detector of resonance characteristics and variations thereof. The generator and the detector are connected to an electronic processing and control unit, as described for example in US 5 397 993.
    [0037] Such microwave sensors for measuring the moisture content can be of the planar type, "fork", i.e. consisting of two half cylinders facing each other and between which a microwave or tubular type field is generated. For example, planar-type microwave sensors can be used to measure the moisture content of the textile fibers forming the pressed layer between the pair of plates. Forked or split-type microwave sensors can be used for measuring the moisture content of the row-forming fibers or "beard" after step b) forming the row or "beard" and during step c) in in which the row or «beard» is carried in the measurement area and / or before or after the step d1) of measuring their length and before the possible phase d2) of measuring their dynamometric characteristics. Alternatively, microwave sensors of the tubular type can be used for measuring the moisture content of the fibers forming the row or "beard" during step e) of removal from the measurement area. This removal, in fact, generally takes place by aspiration of the textile fibers along an evacuation duct, along a section of which it is possible to place a microwave sensor of the tubular type.
    [0038] As can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, a preliminary calibration step of these microwave sensors is required in order to construct, by interpolation of points obtained with experimental measurements, a calibration curve that correlates the values of the moisture content obtained with these microwave sensors with values of the moisture content expressed in percentages. This calibration step is carried out by preparing a plurality of samples of textile fibers (cotton fibers) conditioned at different degrees of humidity and temperature according to the provisions of the current standards, subjecting the samples prepared in this way to a measurement of the degree of humidity with the sensor microwaves selected and subjecting the same sample to a measurement of its "moisture recovery rate" percentage ("moisture regain value") in accordance with the provisions in force. The two measurements performed on each sample are correlated to form a calibration point; the calibration points obtained experimentally are then interpolated to originate a calibration curve.
    [0039] Step b) of forming the fiber "row" or "beard" takes place, in a known way, by taking from the pressed layer tufts of fibers through a metallic comb cooperating with a jaw element, carding the tufts of fibers thus taken to eliminate excess or not well anchored fibers from them and brushing the fibers so as to make them parallel to each other.
    [0040] The steps d1) and d2) for measuring the length of the fibers and their dynamometric characteristics are advantageously carried out, one in succession to the other, in the same measurement zone in which the row or "beard" of fibers it is introduced through the same metallic comb.
    [0041] The length measurement step d1) comprises, in a known way, the detection of variations of electro-optical fields crossed by the row or "beard" of fibers.
    [0042] The step d2) of measuring the dynamometric characteristics of the fibers forming the row or "beard" comprises, in a known manner, the grasping with a pair of pliers, of which one is made relatively mobile with respect to the other, two portions at the end of the fibers and in subjecting the thus clamped fibers to the opposite ends to a pulling action by moving the movable gripper away from the fixed gripper. The detection of the relative displacement of the mobile gripper with respect to the fixed gripper and of the force applied to the fibers allows to determine the elongation (ie the elongation undergone by the fibers before breaking) and the resistance (ie the maximum load applied to the fibers before their rupture) of the fibers.
    [0043] At the end of the measurement step d1) and / or d2) the fibers are released and removed from the measuring area advantageously by suction.
    [0044] The measurement of the moisture content of the fibers forming the row or "beard", after the latter has been formed, in times (of the order of less than 5-10 seconds) and close locations with respect to those of measurement of their length and / or their dynamometric characteristics it allows to correlate the values of the first to the values of the second ones with reduced margin of error.
    [0045] The measurement of! moisture content of the fibers forming the pressed layer from which the row or "beard" and / or forming the row or "beard" itself is taken by detecting changes in the frequency and amplitude of the resonance curve of a microwave field crossed or otherwise applied to these fibers, it is precise and reliable; in fact, it provides values affected by contained errors. Moreover, this measurement is independent of the degree of uniformity of the distribution of water (humidity) in the fibers and by the density of the tuft of fibers.
    [0046] The object of the present invention is also a measuring device for measuring the moisture content, the length and / or at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular, cotton fibers, as described in the independent claim no. 6 and of which further characteristics are specified in the dependent claims.
    [0047] The characteristics and advantages of a measuring device for measuring the moisture content, length and / or at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular, cotton fibers, according to the present invention will be more evident from the the following description, given as an example and not for limiting purposes, referring to the attached schematic drawings in which: figs. 1 and 2 are axonometric views of a modular device for measuring characteristics of cotton fibers, in which one of the measurement modules consists of the measuring device according to the present invention; fig. 3 is an axonometric view of the module of the apparatus in fig. 1 and 2 consisting of the measurement positive according to the present invention; fig. 4 is a schematic cutaway view of the module of fig. 3 with the comb for removing the row of textile fibers in different operating positions; fig. 5A and 5B are views on an enlarged scale of two details of Fig. 4; fig. 6 is a schematic cutaway view of the module of fig. 3 which shows several possible configurations and arrangements of a microwave sensor; fig. 7 is a schematic, axonometric view of a further module of the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2 consisting of a measuring device for measuring the color and detecting impurities of the textile fibers; fig. 8 is a schematic front view of a further module of the apparatus of Figs. 1 and 2 constituted by a measuring device for measuring stickiness and impurities and / or imperfections of cotton fibers; fig. 9 is a schematic view of a detail of fig. 8 with some parts removed; fig. 10A to 10C show in axonometry a further module of the apparatus of figs. 1 and 2 comprising a measuring device for measuring the fineness and maturity of the textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers, in successive operating positions; fig. 11 is a diagram of the control system of the measuring device for measuring the fineness and maturity of cotton fibers.
    [0048] With reference to the figures, 100 has indicated as a whole a modular apparatus for measuring a plurality of characteristics of textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers.
    [0049] In the following, reference will be made, for simplicity, to fibers, meaning textile fibers and in particular textile fibers of a vegetable nature and even more particularly cotton fibers.
    [0050] The apparatus 100 comprises a support structure 101 which supports a plurality of modules each comprising at least one measuring device for measuring at least one characteristic of the textile fibers and a central electronic processing and control unit for control and the control of these modules and which is not shown being of a type known to the person skilled in the art. It should be noted that each component module of the apparatus 100 can be equipped with its own local electronic processing and control unit which is in turn connected to the central electronic processing and control unit.
    [0051] In the embodiment shown in the accompanying figures, the apparatus 100 comprises: - a first module comprising a measuring device 200 for measuring tackiness ("cotton sticiness") and imperfections, of the type of knots ("Neps"), and / or impurities, of the type of seed fragments, insect residues or artificial fibers and in particular polymeric or other, present in cotton fibers, - a second module comprising a measuring device 300 for the measurement of color and the detection of impurities of cotton fibers, - a third module comprising a measuring device 400 according to the present invention for measuring the moisture content, length and / or at least one dynamometric characteristic chosen by the group comprising the elongation (ie the elongation of the fibers before the tensile break) and the resistance (ie the maximum load applied to the fibers before the their tensile strength, a fourth module comprising a measuring device 600 of the fineness and maturity of the cotton fibers.
    [0052] The apparatus 100 is provided with two input devices of a respective sample of fibers to be tested: - a first input device 102, of the conveyor belt type, of a first sample and which feeds the measuring device 200 for the measurement of stickiness and imperfections and / or impurities, and - a second input device 103, of the movable drawer type, of a second sample and which supplies the measurement device 300 for color measurement and detection in succession. of impurities and the measuring device 400 for measuring the moisture content (i.e. water content), the length and / or the dynamometric characteristics of the fibers.
    [0053] The measuring device 600 for measuring the fineness and maturity of the fibers is fed by a pneumatic system which takes the fibers leaving the measuring device 200 for measuring stickiness, imperfections and / or impurities and conveys 600 to the measuring device.
    [0054] The measuring device 400 for measuring the moisture content, the length and / or the dynamometric characteristics of the fibers according to the present invention is placed in succession to the measuring device 300 for measuring the color and detecting impurities of the fibers forming a same sample fed by the second input device 103.
    [0055] The second input device 103 is of the type of a drawer 104 which is filled with fibers and is guided in a movable manner along a path that crosses the measuring device 300 and introduces the sample into the measuring device 400.
    [0056] Drawer 104 consists of a frame; the opposite faces of the drawer 104 which are parallel to the sliding surface of the drawer itself are open.
    [0057] The measuring device 300 comprises, in a known manner, a table 301 on which the drawer 104 is made to slide.
    [0058] Table 301 comprises a plate 302 made of transparent material in the light below which a space 303 is formed containing optical analysis devices of the fibers of the sample contained in the drawer 104. Such optical analysis devices comprise, for example, a camera 304 advantageously in color and / or a spectrophotometer 305 and allow to detect the degree of color of the fibers and the presence in them of impurities, such as for example insect and / or vegetable residues (such as seed fragments).
    [0059] The measuring device 400 according to the present invention is arranged in succession to the measuring device 300, these two devices being able to be integrated in a single module.
    [0060] The measuring device 400 comprises a housing 401 which is integrated in the support structure 101 and in which two zones are defined: - a ZP preparation area of a row or "beard" of fibers arranged mutually substantially parallel and coplanar and - a measurement zone ZM in which the fibers forming the row or "beard" are subject to measurements of length and / or dynamometric characteristics and advantageously both of these measurements in succession.
    [0061] The fiber row or "beard" is manipulated and transported between the preparation zone ZP and the measurement zone ZM by a metallic comb 402 which is associated with the housing 401 in a movable manner with the possibility of performing both motions of translation and rotation motions schematically illustrated in fig. 4.
    [0062] The preparation zone ZP comprises: - a grid or in any case a perforated plate 403 arranged along the sliding path of the drawer 104 in succession to the table 301 and coplanar to it, - a pressure plate 404 which is arranged above of the perforated plate 403 and which is substantially parallel to it and which is supported in a movable manner in approach and away from the perforated plate 403 along a direction orthogonal thereto, - linear actuator means 405 of the sliding of the pressure plate 404, - means to card 406, brush means 407 and suction means arranged in succession alongside the «press» formed by the perforated plate 403 and the pressure plate 404.
    [0063] Advantageously, the linear actuator means 405 are of the pneumatic piston-cylinder type and comprise a proportional pressure regulator configured and controlled to maintain the operating fluid pressure substantially equal to a predetermined value, so as to ensure that the sample layer interposed between the pressure plate 404 and the perforated plate 403 is pressed to predetermined known conditions.
    [0064] The comb 402 is coupled with a jaw element 408, which is movable between a closed position and an open position. The comb 402 with the jaw element 408 coupled is supported by a head mounted on a bracket; the bracket is movable to slide along a rectilinear guide 409 and is driven along this rectilinear guide 409 by a linear actuator (of the type, for example, of a motor-driven ball screw-nut coupling) through which , and with it the comb 402 and the jaw element 408, is moved along the preparation area ZP and towards the measuring area ZM. The head supporting the comb 402 and the jaw member 408 coupled thereto is then rotatable about a horizontal axis (parallel to the perforated plate 403) orthogonal to the sliding direction defined by the straight guide 409.
    [0065] The comb 402 is able to hook the fibers forming a row or "beard".
    [0066] In a known manner, the drawer 104 is made to slide so as to be positioned above the perforated plate 403. The pressure plate 404 is brought closer to the perforated plate 403 and pressed on it by means of the actuator means 405, the sample of fibers interposed between the two plates forms a pressed layer which forms protuberances that protrude from the openings of the perforated plate 403 at the lower face thereof (i.e. of the face of the plate 403 opposite to that facing the pressure plate 404).
    [0067] Advantageously, the proportional pressure regulator allows a constant pressure equal to a predetermined value to be applied to the fiber layer; in fact, the degree of compaction of the pressed layer and the size of the protuberances protruding from the perforated plate 403 depend on the value of this pressure.
    [0068] The comb 402 is brought below the perforated plate 403 to take a row of fibers from the protuberances formed by the pressed layer against the perforated plate 403 itself.
    [0069] The comb 402 is then moved in succession first at the card 406 which eliminates the excess fibers from the row or "beard" and then at the brush 407 which parallels the fibers of the row or "beard". During these phases the comb 402 is arranged with the horizontal prongs and the jaw element 408 is in the open position. The row or "beard" of fibers so paralyzed and substantially coplanar is clamped on the comb 402 by the jaw element 408, rotated in a horizontal position and brought into the inlet zone ZM.
    [0070] In the measurement zone ZM there are: - measuring means 410 for measuring the length of the fibers forming the row or "beard", - dynamometer means for measuring at least one dynamometric characteristic and comprising gripper members which comprise a fixed pincer 411 a and a mobile pincer 411 b approaching and moving away from the fixed pincer 411 a, the fixed pincer 411 a and the mobile pincer 411 b clamp two end portions of the row or «beard» of fibers, - means detection (not described in detail, being of a known type) for detecting the relative displacement of the movable gripper 411 b with respect to the fixed gripper 411 when both mobile and fixed grippers are in a position for gripping and retaining respective portions of the fibers of the row or "beard", - detection means (not described in detail, being of a known type) for detecting the traction force applied to the fibers of the row or "beard during the relative displacement of the movable gripper 411 b relative to the fixed gripper 411 to when both the moving and stationary grippers are in day position gripping and retaining a respective portion of the fibers forming the row or "beard."
    [0071] Extraction means 412 are also provided for extracting the textile fibers of the row or "beard" from the measurement zone ZM. These extraction means 412 comprise a conduit which has an end in communication with the measurement zone ZM and the opposite end associated with suction means able to create a depression of such magnitude as to recall the fibers and the lengths of them released by the pincer organs at the end of the dynamometric tests.
    [0072] The data relating to the relative displacement of the mobile gripper 411 b with respect to the fixed gripper 411 a and to the tensile force applied by the movable gripper 411 b to the fibers of the row or «beard» are then processed in a known way to obtain dynamometric characteristics of the fibers themselves.
    [0073] The possibility that the comb 402 may constitute the fixed gripper is not excluded.
    [0074] According to a feature of the present invention, the measuring device 400 comprises measuring means 413 of the microwave type and comprising a microwave sensor for measuring the moisture content (i.e. water content) of the fibers forming the layer of fibers pressed between the pressure plate 404 and the perforated plate 403 and / or of the fibers forming the row or "beard", which measuring means 413 are located respectively in correspondence of the preparation zone ZP and / or of the measuring zone ZM and / o are associated with the extraction means 412 for detecting the moisture content of the fibers forming the pressed layer and / or the row or "beard" just before and / or just after performing the measurement of their length and / or measurement of their dynamometric characteristics.
    [0075] In a preferred embodiment the means 413 for measuring the moisture content are located at the entrance to the measurement zone ZM or at the extraction means 412 to detect the moisture content of the fibers forming the row or "beard" already formed just before and / or just after measuring their length and / or measuring their dynamometric characteristics. This makes it possible to detect the moisture content of the same fibers that are subject to length and dynamometric characteristics measurements, in close time to the execution of these measurements and substantially at the same environmental conditions in which these measurements are performed. The values of length, dynamometric characteristics and moisture content are therefore correctable with good margins of certainty.
    [0076] These measuring means 413 of the moisture content, as indicated above, are of the microwave type and comprise one or more microwave sensors for measuring the moisture content.
    [0077] The use of microwave sensors for measuring the moisture content allows precise measurements to be obtained, affected by negligible errors and independent of the degree of water distribution (humidity) in the fibers and, moreover, by the density of the sample ( tuft) of fibers.
    [0078] Sensors of this type are constituted for example by the microwave sensors of the company TEWS ELEKTRONIK GmbH & Co. KG as described for example in US 5 397 993, the content of which is herein referred to in its entirety.
    [0079] Such microwave sensors can be of the planar type, "fork", i.e. consisting of two half cylinders facing each other and between which a microwave or tubular type field is generated.
    [0080] For example, in a possible embodiment shown in figs. 4 and 5A, the measurement means 413 of the moisture content are located at the preparation zone ZP and comprise a planar type microwave sensor 413A supported by the pressure plate 404. This microwave sensor 413A is brought into contact with the fiber layer pressed between the pressure plate 404 and the perforated plate 403 to detect the moisture content of the layer-forming fibers.
    [0081] Alternatively or additionally, the measuring means 413 of the moisture content of the fibers comprise a 413B microwave sensor of the "forked" type for the measurement of the moisture content of the fibers forming the row or "beard" before measuring their length or after measuring their length and before measuring their dynamometric characteristics. With reference to fig. 6, such a 413B "fork" type microwave sensor is placed at the entrance to the ZM measurement zone.
    [0082] Alternatively or additionally, the means for measuring the moisture content of the fibers comprise a 413C microwave sensor of the tubular type arranged along the conduit of the extraction means 412.
    [0083] In the latter case, the measurement of the moisture content is carried out on the fibers or on the lengths of fibers released by the gripper organs after the execution of the dynamometric tests and along the distance from which they are removed from the ZM measuring area.
    [0084] For the sake of completeness, the remaining measuring devices forming the remaining modules of the apparatus 100 are now described and some of which are the subject of a separate patent application in the name of the same owner. It is specified, in any case, that each of these measuring devices can be realized as a stand-alone device or integrated with one or more of the other measuring devices in a modular apparatus of the type of the apparatus 100 shown in figs. 1 and 2.
    [0085] The measuring device 200 for measuring the tackiness and imperfections and / or impurities of the fibers is, in general terms, of the type described in US 5 752 294.
    [0086] This measuring device 200 is fed with a mass of fibers from the first input device 102 and comprises, arranged in succession between them: - card means 201 which receive at input the mass of fibers supplied by the first input device 102 and that they are suitable for preparing and forming, in a known manner, a web of fibers, - acquisition means 202 for acquiring images of the web leaving the carding means 201, - a pair of rollers 203a, 203b arranged side by side and counter-rotating and configured for measuring stickiness, - veil driving means 204 in advance along the path defined by the carding means 201, by the acquisition means 202 and by the pair of rollers 203a, 203b.
    [0087] The card means 201 comprise a plurality of cards which are not described in detail, being of a type known to the person skilled in the art.
    [0088] The acquisition means 202 comprise a compartment inside which, for example, a video camera advantageously in color or another optical sensor is placed, one or more contrast screens and / or lighting devices of one or both faces of the veil. These acquisition means 202 are connected to processing means configured to detect the presence of imperfections and / or impurities and possibly the shape and color of such imperfections and / or impurities. Advantageously, the television camera is of the color type and operates in combination with a first lighting unit and / or with a second lighting unit for the veil which are faced to one another. This makes it possible to detect and determine the type of impurities present, be they vegetable fragments (herbs or seed shells), insects or artificial fibers such as, for example, polymeric fibers (polyethylene) deriving from sacks and strings.
    [0089] Also in this case, the acquisition means 202 are not further described, being of the immediately understandable type for the person skilled in the art.
    [0090] Each roller 203a, 203b is associated with: - heating means designed to heat at least the outer side surface which contacts the web so as to promote adhesion to it of the sticky fractions of the fibers, - detection means 205a, 205b for the detection of the sticky fractions of the web adhering thereto as a result of the passage of the web, and - removal means 206a, 206b for removing from it the sticky fractions.
    [0091] The measuring device 200 is then provided with an electronic processing and control unit which is not shown in the attached figures, being of a type known to the person skilled in the art. This electronic processing and control unit is advantageously of the programmable type and is connected or in any case integrated to the central electronic processing and control unit of the apparatus 100.
    [0092] The operation of the heating means is controlled by the electronic processing and control unit as a function of the temperature of the rollers 203a, 203b detected by temperature sensor means 207a, 207b associated with them. In greater detail, the heating means comprise for each roller 203a: - at least one contact body 208a, 208b which is movably approached and away from the external lateral surface of the respective roller 203a, 203b to exert on it a a frictional action such as to develop heat, and - actuator means 209a, 209b to move the contact body 208a, 208b in approach and away from the respective roller 203a, 203b, in which the electronic processing unit is control is able to control the actuator means 209a, 209b according to the signals emitted by the temperature sensor means 207a, 207b to vary the position of the respective contact body 208a, 208b with respect to the corresponding roller 203a, 203b.
    [0093] Advantageously, moreover, position sensor means 21 Oa, 21 Ob are provided for detecting the position of the actuator means 209a, 209b which are connected to the electronic processing and control unit, in which the electronic unit of processing and control is adapted to control and control the actuator means 209a, 209b according to the signals emitted by the temperature sensor means 207a, 207b and by the position sensor means 210a, 210b.
    [0094] Each contact body 208a, 208b is constituted by a brush roller which is rotatably supported by a support bracket 211 a, 211b.
    [0095] Each support bracket 211 a, 211b has a first portion which is coupled to the housing 101 or in any case to the housing of the measuring device 200 rotatingly about an axis B parallel to the axis of the respective brush roller and a second portion which is articulated to the actuator means 209a, 209b. The actuator means 209a, 209b are preferably of the linear type and, in the embodiment shown, comprise a screw-nut screw pair whose nut is rotated by an electric motor and whose screw has an end articulated to the respective support bracket 211 a, 211 b.
    [0096] The position sensor means 21 Oa, 21 Ob consist of linear transducers associated with the screw of the respective actuator means 209a, 209b.
    [0097] Each contact body 208a, 208b formed by a brush roller is driven in rotation by respective own motor means controlled and controlled by the electronic processing and control unit. Depending on the signals emitted by the temperature sensor means 207a, 207b and the position sensor means 21 Oa, 21 Ob, the electronic processing and control unit controls and controls the actuator means 209a, 209b to modify the position of the bodies of contact 208a, 208b with respect to the rollers 203a, 203b so as to modify the action of friction exerted by the first on the outer lateral surface of the second and, consequently, the temperature reached by it so as to keep it close to a predetermined value (generally of about 38- 40 ° C) and suitable for the sticky fractions of the web passing between the rollers 203a, 203b to remain adherent thereto.
    [0098] It is thus possible to reach and maintain the temperature of the rollers 203a, 203b at a predetermined value without the possibility of errors, reducing the times of any transients.
    [0099] Advantageously, moreover, at least one of the two rollers 203a, 203b is supported in a mobile way towards and away from the other along a direction orthogonal to their longitudinal axes and is coupled to means for actuating such displacement. Pressure sensors configured to detect, directly or indirectly, the contact pressure between the two rollers 203a, 203b are then provided. These sensors are for example force sensors configured to detect the force exerted by the actuator means acting on the movable roller or to detect the load acting on the support shafts of the two rollers. The electronic processing and control unit, whether local or central, is configured to control the actuating means for the mutual displacement of the two rollers according to the signals detected by the pressure sensors so as to maintain the contact pressure between the two rollers substantially. constant and close to a fixed value. The degree of stickiness, in fact, as known, also depends on the pressure that the two counter-rotating rollers exert on the fiber web.
    [0100] The detection means 205a, 205b are of the laser type and are not further described, being of the type known to the person skilled in the art. The signals detected by them are sent and processed by the electronic processing and control unit.
    [0101] The removal means 206a, 206b consist of the same contact bodies 208a, 208b in the form of brush rollers and rotating at angular speeds greater than those of the respective rollers 203a, 203b and by a spatula or knife 212a and 212b. Also in this case the removal means 206a, 206b are not further described, being of the type known to the person skilled in the art and being able to have different embodiments.
    [0102] The driving means 204 are of the suction (depression) type and are configured to exert enough action on the web to allow it to advance along the path downstream of the carding means 201 and along the image acquisition means 202 and the pair of rollers 203a, 203b without, however, preventing the adhesion of the sticky fractions to the rollers 203a, 203b themselves.
    [0103] With reference to figs 10A-10C and 11 the measuring device 600 is now described for measuring the fineness and maturity of the cotton fibers which operates according to known flowmetric methods.
    [0104] As is known, the mature cotton fibers have a hollow cross-section and appear as a flattened bead whose interior is constituted by a solid part (cell wall) of cellulose which delimits a cavity (lumen). Generally, the measure of the fineness / maturity of cotton fibers obtained with flowmetric methods is accompanied by the so-called combined fineness and maturity index known in the industry as Micronaire.
    [0105] As stated above, the measuring device 600 operates with a flow-meter method, in which a known quantity of fibers is enclosed within a measuring chamber of known dimensions and crossed by a flow of air, the fineness and maturity of the fibers is indirectly determined by the pressure losses at the ends of the measuring chamber due to the resistance that the fibers oppose to the flow of air passing through the measuring chamber itself. This measuring device 600 can operate at constant pressure or at constant flow.
    [0106] The measuring device 600 comprises a support frame 601 on which is mounted a measuring chamber CM formed by a hollow cylinder 602 whose axially opposite ends are open. The hollow cylinder 602 is mounted on the frame 601 movably between an insertion station S1, at which a known fiber sample is inserted into the measurement chamber CM, a measurement station S2, at which the measurements on the sample inserted in the measuring chamber CM, and an extraction station S3, at which at the end of the measurements the fiber sample is extracted from the measuring chamber CM. In the embodiment shown in the accompanying figures, the hollow cylinder 602 is mounted on a carousel 603 rotatable about a rotation axis, the insertion station S1, the measuring station S2 and the extraction station S3 being defined along the circular path performed by the hollow cylinder 602. The carousel 603 is mounted between a pair of plates 630a and 630b facing each other and parallel and which are traversed by a plurality of openings able to be placed in communication with the open ends of the hollow cylinder 602 and in correspondence of which the three operating stations S1, S2 and S3 are defined.
    [0107] The insertion station S1 comprises a supply duct 604 for feeding the cotton fibers entering the hollow cylinder 602, these cotton fibers are sucked from the outlet of the measuring device 200 for measuring the tackiness and can be previously weighed. The insertion station S1 also comprises a pair of first pistons which are aligned and mutually opposite and can be inserted in the opposite ends of the hollow cylinder 602. These first pistons are actuated by a respective first linear actuator 605a, 605b between a position extended in the cylinder cable 602 to compact the fiber sample inserted therein and a retracted position outside the hollow cylinder 602.
    [0108] The supply duct 604 and one of the first two pistons communicate with the same open end of the hollow cylinder 602 through a joint 607 fixed to the framework 601.
    [0109] The measuring station S2 comprises a pair of second pistons aligned with each other and opposite each other and can be inserted in the opposite ends of the hollow cylinder 602 to form respectively a first base and a second base. These second pistons and, consequently the first base and the second base formed by them, are of type permeable to air; for example, they can be perforated with calibrated holes. The second pistons are actuated by a respective second linear actuator 608A and 608B between at least one extended position in the hollow cylinder 602 and a retracted position outside the hollow cylinder 602. A supply conduit 609 (only schematized in Fig. 11) feeds a flow of air entering the hollow cylinder 602 through the second piston which defines the first base. The flow of air fed into the inlet of the hollow cylinder 602 comes out of it through its second base which communicates with the external environment at ambient pressure.
    [0110] The supply conduit 609 has an inlet end which can be associated with a source of an air flow (not shown) and an outlet end associated with a nozzle 610 to which the second piston is associated which defines the first base of the hollow cylinder 602.
    [0111] A flow regulator 611 is arranged along the supply conduit 609 interposed between the inlet end and the outlet end of the supply conduit 609 itself. The flow regulator 611 is formed for example by a known choke valve.
    [0112] Two pressure sensors are then placed along the supply duct 609: a first pressure sensor 612 for detecting the air pressure which is arranged upstream of the flow regulator 611 and a second pressure sensor 613 for detecting the air pressure which is located downstream of the flow regulator 611 and upstream of the first base of the measuring chamber CM.
    [0113] Advantageously, moreover, an electronic proportional pressure regulator 614 is arranged along the supply duct 609 upstream of the first pressure sensor 612 to adjust the air pressure in the supply duct 609.
    [0114] The first pressure sensor 612, the second pressure sensor 613 and the proportional electronic pressure regulator 614 are connected to an electronic processing and control unit 615 which is programmed to control the proportional electronic pressure regulator 614 in operation of the readings of the first pressure sensor 612 and of the second pressure sensor 613 or of the second pressure sensor 613 alternatively and respectively to keep the difference between the air pressure upstream and downstream of the regulator substantially constant and equal to a preset value flow 611 or the air pressure entering the measuring chamber CM. It is thus possible to operate in a condition of substantially constant flow or substantially constant pressure at the ends of the measuring chamber CM as required by the ASTM D1448-11 standards for performing measurements of the fineness and maturity, from which the Micronaire index.
    [0115] The proportional electronic pressure regulator 614 is selectively and alternatively controlled by the unit 615 to keep the pressure difference upstream and downstream of the flow regulator 611 substantially constant and equal to a predetermined value, so as to operate in the regime of substantially constant flow.
    [0116] Or the proportional electronic pressure regulator 614 is selectively and alternatively controlled by the unit 615 to maintain the pressure at the ends of the measuring chamber CM and therefore the pressure entering it substantially constant and equal to a predetermined value.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [1]
    1. Method for measuring the moisture content, length and at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular, cotton fibers, comprising the steps of: a) pressing a layer of textile fibers between a pair of plates between them parallel; b) taking a row of textile fibers from said so pressed layer and rendering the textile fibers of said row substantially co-planar and parallel to each other; c) bringing said row of textile fibers into a measurement zone at which to perform at least one measurement step selected from d1) measuring the length of the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers, and d2) measuring at least one dynamometric characteristic selected from the group comprising the tensile strength and the tensile elongation of the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers; e) removing the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers from the measuring area after performing the at least one measurement step d1) and d2); andf) measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming said layer and / or forming said row of textile fibers by means of microwave sensors for measuring humidity, wherein said step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming said layer is carried out during or after said step a) of pressing of said layer and before said step b) of taking from it said row of textile fibers and wherein said step of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers is carried out after said step b) of picking up said row of textile fibers from said layer and in a phase preceding or contemporaneously with said step e) removing the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers from said measuring area .
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said measuring step comprises, one after the other, said step d1) for measuring the length of the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers and said measuring step d2) of at least one dynamometric characteristic selected from the group comprising the tensile strength and the tensile elongation of the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers.
    [3]
    3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers after said step b) of taking said row of textile fibers from said layer and before said at least one measuring step for measuring d1) of their length and / or for measuring d2) of at least one of their dynamometric characteristics.
    [4]
    4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers after said step b) of picking up said row of textile fibers from said layer and at said measurement zone before or after said at least one measurement step for measuring d1) of their length or for measuring d2) of at least one of their dynamometric characteristics.
    [5]
    5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said step f) of measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers is performed on the textile fibers forming said row of textile fibers after said at least one measuring step for measuring d1) of their length and / or for measuring d2) of at least one of their dynamometric characteristics and before or during said step e) of moving them away from said measurement zone.
    [6]
    6. A measuring device (400) for measuring the moisture content, length and / or at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, in particular, cotton fibers, in which said device comprises a housing (401) in which they are defined a preparation zone (ZP) and a measurement zone (ZM) and to which are associated: - a perforated plate (403) and a pressure plate (404) which are arranged in said preparation area (ZP), are mutually opposite and relatively mobile with respect to one another due to the pressing between them of a layer of textile fibers, - a comb (402) for withdrawing from said layer a row of textile fibers arranged parallel to each other substantially parallel and coplanar , wherein said comb (402) is movable between said preparation zone (ZP) and said measurement zone (ZM), - at least one measuring means selected from - measurement means (410) for measuring the length of the textile fibers of d this row of textile fibers, which measuring means (410) are arranged in said measurement zone (ZM), and - dynamometer means for measuring at least one dynamometric characteristic of the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers, which dynamometer means are located in said measuring zone (ZM) and - extraction means (412) for extracting the textile fibers of said row of textile fibers from said measuring area (ZM), in which said device (400 ) is characterized in that it comprises - measurement means (413) for measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers forming said layer and / or forming said row of textile fibers, which measuring means (413) for measuring the content of moisture of the textile fibers are respectively located at said preparation zone (ZP) and / or in said measuring zone (ZM) and / or are associated with said extraction means (412) and comprise at least one direction microwave oven for measuring humidity.
    [7]
    7. Device (400) according to claim 6, characterized in that said at least one microwave sensor (413A) for measuring humidity is located at said preparation zone (ZP) and is coupled to said pressure plate (404) for measuring the moisture content of the fibers of said layer of fibers pressed between said pressure plate (404) and said perforated plate (403).
    [8]
    8. Device (400) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said at least one microwave sensor (413B) for measuring humidity is located at said preparation area and is configured to measure the moisture content of the fibers of said row of textile fibers taken from said layer by means of said comb (402).
    [9]
    9. Device (400) according to one or more of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said at least one measuring means comprises said dynamometer means, in which said at least one microwave sensor for measuring the humidity is placed in correspondence of said measurement zone (ZM) and upstream of said dynamometer means and is configured to measure the moisture content of the fibers of said row of textile fibers.
    [10]
    10. Device (400) according to one or more of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that said at least one measuring means comprises said dynamometer means, in which said at least one microwave sensor for measuring humidity is placed in correspondence of said measurement zone (ZM) and downstream of said dynamometer means and is configured to measure the moisture content of the fibers of said row of textile fibers.
    [11]
    11. Device (100) according to one or more of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that said at least one microwave sensor (413C) for measuring humidity is associated with said extraction means (412).
    [12]
    12. Device (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that said extraction means (412) comprise a conduit having an end in communication with said measurement zone (ZM) and an end that can be coupled to suction means, in said at least one microwave sensor (413C) for measuring humidity is of the tubular type and is located along a portion of said duct.
    [13]
    13. Modular apparatus (100) for measuring a plurality of characteristics of textile fibers, in particular cotton fibers, said apparatus comprising a plurality of modules each comprising at least one measuring device for measuring at least one characteristic of said textile fibers and a central processing and control unit for controlling said modules, characterized in that one of said modules comprises a measuring device (400) according to one or more of claims 6 to 12.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN106959307A|2017-07-18|
    US10379065B2|2019-08-13|
    US20170122882A1|2017-05-04|
    ITUB20155168A1|2017-04-30|
    DE102016012896A1|2017-05-04|
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    法律状态:
    2019-11-29| AZW| Rejection (application)|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ITUB2015A005168A|ITUB20155168A1|2015-10-30|2015-10-30|METHOD AND MEASUREMENT DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE HUMIDITY CONTENT, LENGTH AND / OR AT LEAST A DYNAMOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC OF TEXTILE FIBERS, IN PARTICULAR COTTON FIBERS.|
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